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pack.n
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1994-09-20
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pack(n) Tk Commands
_________________________________________________________________
NAME
pack - Geometry manager that packs around edges of cavity
SYNOPSIS
pack _o_p_t_i_o_n _a_r_g ?_a_r_g ...?
_________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
The pack command is used to communicate with the packer, a
geometry manager that arranges the children of a parent by
packing them in order around the edges of the parent. The
pack command can have any of several forms, depending on the
_o_p_t_i_o_n argument:
pack _s_l_a_v_e ?_s_l_a_v_e ...? ?_o_p_t_i_o_n_s?
If the first argument to pack is a window name (any
value starting with ``.''), then the command is pro-
cessed in the same way as pack configure.
pack configure _s_l_a_v_e ?_s_l_a_v_e ...? ?_o_p_t_i_o_n_s?
The arguments consist of the names of one or more slave
windows followed by pairs of arguments that specify how
to manage the slaves. See ``THE PACKER ALGORITHM''
below for details on how the options are used by the
packer. The following options are supported:
-after _o_t_h_e_r
_O_t_h_e_r must the name of another window. Use its
master as the master for the slaves, and insert
the slaves just after _o_t_h_e_r in the packing order.
-anchor _a_n_c_h_o_r
_A_n_c_h_o_r must be a valid anchor position such as n
or sw; it specifies where to position each slave
in its parcel. Defaults to center.
-before _o_t_h_e_r
_O_t_h_e_r must the name of another window. Use its
master as the master for the slaves, and insert
the slaves just before _o_t_h_e_r in the packing order.
-expand _b_o_o_l_e_a_n
Specifies whether the slaves should be expanded to
consume extra space in their master. _B_o_o_l_e_a_n may
have any proper boolean value, such as 1 or no.
Defaults to 0.
-fill _s_t_y_l_e
If a slave's parcel is larger than its requested
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pack(n) Tk Commands
dimensions, this option may be used to stretch the
slave. _S_t_y_l_e must have one of the following
values:
none Give the slave its requested dimensions plus
any internal padding requested with -ipadx or
-ipady. This is the default.
x Stretch the slave horizontally to fill the
entire width of its parcel (except leave
external padding as specified by -padx).
y Stretch the slave vertically to fill the
entire height of its parcel (except leave
external padding as specified by -pady).
both Stretch the slave both horizontally and vert-
ically.
-in _o_t_h_e_r
Insert the slave(s) at the end of the packing
order for the master window given by _o_t_h_e_r.
-ipadx _a_m_o_u_n_t
_A_m_o_u_n_t specifies how much horizontal internal pad-
ding to leave on each side of the slave(s).
_A_m_o_u_n_t must be a valid screen distance, such as 2
or .5c. It defaults to 0.
-ipady _a_m_o_u_n_t
_A_m_o_u_n_t specifies how much vertical internal pad-
ding to leave on each side of the slave(s).
_A_m_o_u_n_t defaults to 0.
-padx _a_m_o_u_n_t
_A_m_o_u_n_t specifies how much horizontal external pad-
ding to leave on each side of the slave(s).
_A_m_o_u_n_t defaults to 0.
-pady _a_m_o_u_n_t
_A_m_o_u_n_t specifies how much vertical external pad-
ding to leave on each side of the slave(s).
_A_m_o_u_n_t defaults to 0.
-side _s_i_d_e
Specifies which side of the master the slave(s)
will be packed against. Must be left, right, top,
or bottom. Defaults to top.
If no -in, -after or -before option is specified then
each of the slaves will be inserted at the end of the
packing list for its parent unless it is already
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pack(n) Tk Commands
managed by the packer (in which case it will be left
where it is). If one of these options is specified
then all the slaves will be inserted at the specified
point. If any of the slaves are already managed by the
geometry manager then any unspecified options for them
retain their previous values rather than receiving
default values.
pack forget _s_l_a_v_e ?_s_l_a_v_e ...?
Removes each of the _s_l_a_v_es from the packing order for
its master and unmaps their windows. The slaves will
no longer be managed by the packer.
pack newinfo _s_l_a_v_e
Returns a list whose elements are the current confi-
guration state of the slave given by _s_l_a_v_e in the same
option-value form that might be specified to pack con-
figure. The first two elements of the list are ``-in
_m_a_s_t_e_r'' where _m_a_s_t_e_r is the slave's master. Starting
with Tk 4.0 this option will be renamed "pack info".
pack propagate _m_a_s_t_e_r ?_b_o_o_l_e_a_n?
If _b_o_o_l_e_a_n has a true boolean value such as 1 or on
then propagation is enabled for _m_a_s_t_e_r, which must be a
window name (see ``GEOMETRY PROPAGATION'' below). If
_b_o_o_l_e_a_n has a false boolean value then propagation is
disabled for _m_a_s_t_e_r. In either of these cases an empty
string is returned. If _b_o_o_l_e_a_n is omitted then the
command returns 0 or 1 to indicate whether propagation
is currently enabled for _m_a_s_t_e_r. Propagation is
enabled by default.
pack slaves _m_a_s_t_e_r
Returns a list of all of the slaves in the packing
order for _m_a_s_t_e_r. The order of the slaves in the list
is the same as their order in the packing order. If
_m_a_s_t_e_r has no slaves then an empty string is returned.
THE PACKER ALGORITHM
For each master the packer maintains an ordered list of
slaves called the _p_a_c_k_i_n_g _l_i_s_t. The -in, -after, and
-before configuration options are used to specify the master
for each slave and the slave's position in the packing list.
If none of these options is given for a slave then the slave
is added to the end of the packing list for its parent.
The packer arranges the slaves for a master by scanning the
packing list in order. At the time it processes each slave,
a rectangular area within the master is still unallocated.
This area is called the _c_a_v_i_t_y; for the first slave it is
the entire area of the master.
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pack(n) Tk Commands
For each slave the packer carries out the following steps:
[1] The packer allocates a rectangular _p_a_r_c_e_l for the slave
along the side of the cavity given by the slave's -side
option. If the side is top or bottom then the width of
the parcel is the width of the cavity and its height is
the requested height of the slave plus the -ipady and
-pady options. For the left or right side the height
of the parcel is the height of the cavity and the width
is the requested width of the slave plus the -ipadx and
-padx options. The parcel may be enlarged further
because of the -expand option (see ``EXPANSION'' below)
[2] The packer chooses the dimensions of the slave. The
width will normally be the slave's requested width plus
twice its -ipadx option and the height will normally be
the slave's requested height plus twice its -ipady
option. However, if the -fill option is x or both then
the width of the slave is expanded to fill the width of
the parcel, minus twice the -padx option. If the -fill
option is y or both then the height of the slave is
expanded to fill the width of the parcel, minus twice
the -pady option.
[3] The packer positions the slave over its parcel. If the
slave is smaller than the parcel then the -anchor
option determines where in the parcel the slave will be
placed. If -padx or -pady is non-zero, then the given
amount of external padding will always be left between
the slave and the edges of the parcel.
Once a given slave has been packed, the area of its parcel
is subtracted from the cavity, leaving a smaller rectangular
cavity for the next slave. If a slave doesn't use all of
its parcel, the unused space in the parcel will not be used
by subsequent slaves. If the cavity should become too small
to meet the needs of a slave then the slave will be given
whatever space is left in the cavity. If the cavity shrinks
to zero size, then all remaining slaves on the packing list
will be unmapped from the screen until the master window
becomes large enough to hold them again.
EXPANSION
If a master window is so large that there will be extra
space left over after all of its slaves have been packed,
then the extra space is distributed uniformly among all of
the slaves for which the -expand option is set. Extra hor-
izontal space is distributed among the expandable slaves
whose -side is left or right, and extra vertical space is
distributed among the expandable slaves whose -side is top
or bottom.
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pack(n) Tk Commands
GEOMETRY PROPAGATION
The packer normally computes how large a master must be to
just exactly meet the needs of its slaves, and it sets the
requested width and height of the master to these dimen-
sions. This causes geometry information to propagate up
through a window hierarchy to a top-level window so that the
entire sub-tree sizes itself to fit the needs of the leaf
windows. However, the pack propagate command may be used to
turn off propagation for one or more masters. If propaga-
tion is disabled then the packer will not set the requested
width and height of the packer. This may be useful if, for
example, you wish for a master window to have a fixed size
that you specify.
RESTRICTIONS ON MASTER WINDOWS
The master for each slave must either be the slave's parent
(the default) or a descendant of the slave's parent. This
restriction is necessary to guarantee that the slave can be
placed over any part of its master that is visible without
danger of the slave being clipped by its parent.
PACKING ORDER
If the master for a slave is not its parent then you must
make sure that the slave is higher in the stacking order
than the master. Otherwise the master will obscure the
slave and it will appear as if the slave hasn't been packed
correctly. The easiest way to make sure the slave is higher
than the master is to create the master window first: the
most recently created window will be highest in the stacking
order. Or, you can use the raise and lower commands to
change the stacking order of either the master or the slave.
KEYWORDS
geometry manager, location, packer, parcel, propagation,
size
Tk 5